Why Use Ruthless Pre-Workout? We all have those days where we’re just not “feeling it.” Ruthless Pre-Workout was formulated to give you the “liquid encouragement” you need for those days when you lack the motivation, drive, or intensity to attack your training with the gusto required to make gains in size and strength. But, energy is only a single (albeit important) feature of Ruthless. We’ve also included a comprehensive assembly of performance and pump ingredients to help you train harder and look fuller during your workout. And, to help you stay “locked in” long after your training is over, we’ve included a complementary arsenal of potent nootropics to optimize focus and productivity. What’s in Ruthless Pre-Workout? Citrulline Malate (7g) Citrulline malate is a combination of two parts L-Citrulline to one part malic acid* Citrulline malate has been shown in research to enhance blood flow and exercise performance* L-Citrulline is naturally found in watermelon and noted to be more effective at increasing L-arginine levels in the body than even L-arginine supplementation* As such, citrulline is a more effective supplement for supporting nitric oxide production than arginine-based supplements* Beta Alanine (3.2g) Rate limiting amino acid involved in the production of carnosine* Carnosine is an important intracellular buffer that combats acidic (H+) ion accumulation, thereby delaying the onset of fatigue and boosting athletic performance and endurance* Beta alanine may cause slight tingling in the hands and feet, a harmless side effect known as “paresthesia” that dissipates quickly* Pomegranate Powder (1g) Pomegranate juice is rich in polyphenols, which have both noted to increase nitric oxide production, improve exercise efficiency, and promote antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.* Furthermore, supplementation with pomegranate has been noted to enhance vessel diameter and blood flow while also delaying fatigue during exercise.* Pomegranate juice has also been noted to improve memory and neural activity through inhibition of cholinesterase and its antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties.* L-Taurine (1g) Taurine is an incredibly versatile amino acid predominantly stored in the brain, heart, intestines, and skeletal muscles.* Taurine promotes greater cellular hydration and volumization due to its osmolytic properties, which boosts endurance as well as muscle fullness.* Moreover, this multi-faceted amino acid also stimulates GABA receptors, which helps decrease neuronal excitability, encouraging greater focus during exercise.* Acetyl-L-Carnitine (1g) Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) is a highly bioavailable form of carnitine that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, imparting several neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and antidepressive effects.* ALCAR helps form the “backbone” of acetylcholine (the “learning”neurotransmitter), which promotes greater learning and focus as well as a stronger mind-muscle connection* ALCAR also acts as an antioxidant combating oxidative stress, and enhancing the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) -- a neuropeptide that promotes the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons* L-Tyrosine (1g) Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid used to produce dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline)* Higher levels of these neuro-chemicals lead to greater mood, motivation, and focus* Tyrosine supplementation has also has been shown to confer anti-stress benefits during stressful situation (e.g. strenuous exercise)* Agmatine Sulfate (750mg) Agmatine is a derivative of the amino acid L-arginine -- the “fuel” for nitric oxide production. Agmatine has been shown to bind to the imidazoline receptor on endothelial cells and stimulate nitric oxide production by increasing cytosolic calcium.* Agmatine is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity and also possesses anti-anxiety and antidepressant properties* Choline Bitartrate (500mg) Choline is an essential nutrient that plays a number of important roles in the body, including that as a necessary component for the synthesis and maintenance of cell membranes.* Additionally, choline serves as an important building block for the synthesis of acetylcholine -- the “learning” * Combining ALCAR + Choline provides the necessary substrates needed to sustain acetylcholine production, fostering a stronger mind-muscle connection and long-lasting focus* Caffeine Anhydrous (240mg) Extensively researched CNS stimulant known to increase feelings of energy, motivation and focus.* Caffeine also stimulates the release of dopamine as well as upregulates dopamine receptor availability and affinity.* Shown to improve physical strength, endurance, and reaction time while reducing the onset of fatigue* Dicaffeine Malate (75% caffeine) (200 mg) Slow-release form of caffeine formed from a combination of two caffeine molecules bonded to a molecule of malic acid (malate).* This leads to longer lasting energy and focus without the jitters, crash, or GI upset common with high doses of caffeine anhydrous Ruthless Pre-Workout combines both fast- and slow-acting caffeines to give “the best of both worlds” energy experience* Citrus Aurantium (fruit) Extract (100mg) Commonly known as bitter orange, citrus aurantium contains numerous bioactive alkaloids with the most well-known being p-synephrine* P-synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine has been shown to improve exercise performance and volume load* The ergogenic actions of p-synephrine are attributed to its activation of β-3 adrenoreceptors which lead to increased metabolic rate and lipolysis as well as reduced food intake* Huperzine A (100 mcg) Powerful nootropic that inhibits acetylcholinesterase -- the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine* Lower acetylcholinesterase concentrations lead to greater concentrations of acetylcholine, which fosters stronger, longer-lasting focus during training as well as a more robust mind-muscle connection* Huperzine A is also noted to combat neurodegeneration and promote neuroprotection via its actions on the “neuron death” molecule, glutamate* Piper Nigrum (10mg) Contains a pungent alkaloid known as piperine which is known to enhance the absorption of various nutrients* Piperine also helps inhibit the breakdown of various energy-boosting compounds such as caffeine, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which sustains the effects of pre-workout supplements* Disclaimer: *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.  This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.